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Maradi, Niger
Maradi is the third largest city in Niger and the administrative centre of Maradi Region. It is seat of the Maradi Department and an Urban Commune.
==History==
Originally part of Katsina, a Hausa state, it became independent in the 19th century. From the early 19th century, Maradi was home to one of several Hausa traditional rump states, formed by rulers and nobility who fled the rise of the Sokoto Caliphate. Elements of the Katsina ruling class continued to claim the area as the seat of a Katsina exile state ruled by the ''Sarkin Katsina Maradi''. Maradi was constrained by the more powerful Gobir exile state to the west, the Sultanate of Damagaram based at Zinder to the east, and Sokoto to the south. The arrival of the French in 1899 saw first the bloody destruction of the town by the Voulet-Chanoine Mission, but later saw the town recover as an important regional centre of commerce by the 1950s.
The expansion of the city up in the first half of 20th century was dynamic, albeit modest, with the population nearly doubling between 1911 to 1950.〔(Les alhazai de Maradi – l’histoire d’une groupe de riche marchands saheliens ). Emmanuel Gregoire. Éditions de I'ORSTOM. 1990.〕 Up until 1945, the ancient city of Maradi was located in the valley bordering the Goulbin Maradi, a seasonal waterway with source in Nigeria. The agglomeration, roughly circular in shape, was protected by a mud wall with four doors. The ancient city was flooded by Goulbin at the end of the rainy season of 1945. In order to avoid future inundation, the colonial administration decided then to adjust the urban layout. In the process, the city lost its traditional, irregular layout in favor of a grid-iron street layout system.〔 The colonial administration sought to create an exploitative cash-crop agriculture, mostly groundnuts, which will increasingly make the city an important regional commercial center. Aided by the economic growth after the 1950s, the city of Maradi will experience a demographic boom with population increasing from 8,661 in 1950 to 80,000 by 1983.〔 By the independence of Niger, Maradi has become a center of Hausa culture, vying with the larger traditional Hausa center of Zinder to the east.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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